Whereas growing and testing astronomical software program on current knowledge, a grasp’s pupil in astronomy fortuitously found a gaggle of galaxies within the very early universe. Along with demonstrating the potential of the software program, the discovering supplies perception into the meeting of large buildings, in addition to how some galaxies stop to type stars.
Like most people, galaxies don’t wish to journey the cosmos alone. As an alternative they have an inclination to assemble in smaller teams or gigantic clusters that reside inside probably the most large concentrations of dark matter. Discovering and finding out clusters and their galaxy members present key insights into how galaxies evolve, but in addition into the underlying distribution of dark matter and the geometry of our universe.
A serendipitous discovery
Whereas growing a brand new software program for computerized detection of distant galaxy clusters, Nikolaj Sillassen, grasp’s pupil at DTU Area and member of the Cosmic Daybreak Heart (DAWN) which is a collaboration between the Niels Bohr Institute and DTU Area, found a outstanding group of galaxies.
The group was dubbed “HPC1001” and consists of ten galaxy members which are seen 12 billion years again in time, when the universe was simply 1.7 billion years outdated.
One among Nikolaj Sillassen’s collaborators is Shuowen Jin, Marie Curie Fellow at DAWN. He says, “Galaxy teams so early within the historical past of the Universe are very uncommon. Solely a few them have been discovered up to now. Our discovery is attention-grabbing not solely as a result of HPC1001 is without doubt one of the most distant teams, but in addition as a result of it’s the most compact meeting of galaxies but recognized in our Universe.”
Dying galaxies
Whereas some galaxies are actively star-forming, others fairly abruptly stop to type new stars. One of many key targets of the Cosmic Daybreak Heart is to research the explanations and the evolution of this phase.
And in addition on this context, HPC1001 proved to be a treasure chest:
“Remarkably, probably the most large galaxy member on this construction is ‘dying’—its star-formation exercise is declining,” says Georgios Magdis, who’s an affiliate professor at DAWN and partaker within the examine.
“This is a vital indicator for the evolution of large buildings, and if confirmed, HPC1001 could be the earliest found construction in maturing phase.”
The gap and “lookback time” to HPC1001 is decided by a considerably unsure method that relies on the noticed colours of the person galaxies. To verify their measurements, the astronomers will observe up their detection with extra exact spectroscopic observations.
These future observations, obtained with the Atacama Giant Millimeter Array in Chile and the Northern Prolonged Millimeter Array in France, in addition to different astronomical services, will reveal the complete nature of this construction, together with whether or not HPC1001 will keep a small group, or will ultimately evolve into a large cluster of as much as 1000 galaxies.
The galaxy group was found throughout a synthesis mission at DTU Area, below the supervision of Shuowen Jin and Georgios Magdis.
The outcomes have been accepted for publication within the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Nikolaj Bjerregaard Sillassen et al, A galaxy group candidate at z~3.7 within the COSMOS subject. arXiv:2209.05895v1 [astro-ph.GA], arxiv.org/abs/2209.05895
N. B. Sillassen et al, A galaxy group candidate at z ~ 3.7 within the COSMOS subject, Astronomy & Astrophysics (2022). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244661
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